Maurice was the leader of the Egyptian Legion in Thebes, and he and his men were responsible for doing one thing. An important artist of the German Renaissance, he was surpassed in his painting skills only by Albrecht Dürer. More orders followed, the men refused compliance as encouraged by Maurice, and a second decimation was ordered. The Black St. Maurice (the Knight of the Holy Lance) is regarded as one the great patron saints of the Holy Roman Empire and is one of my favorite personalities in the long history of the African diaspora in Europe. Before going into battle, they were instructed to offer sacrifices to the pagan gods and pay homage to the emperor. The Black St. Maurice (the Knight of the Holy Lance) is regarded as one the great patron saints of the Holy Roman Empire and is one of my favorite personalities in the long history of the African diaspora in Europe. Yet, he moved easily within the pagan society of his day. The Black Saint Maurice (the Knight of the Holy Lance) is regarded as the great patron saint of the Holy Roman Germanic Empire. He was brought up in the region of Thebes (Luxor). In Switzerland alone, seven churches or altars in Aargau, six in the Canton of Lucerne, four in the Canton of Solothurn, and one in Appenzell Innerrhoden can be found (in fact, his feast day is a cantonal holiday in Appenzell Innerrhoden). [1] In 929, Henry the Fowler held a royal court gathering (Reichsversammlung) at Magdeburg. What is known is the date he became a saint and when he first became depicted as black. For other uses, see. St. Maurice dressed as a knight This statue of St. Maurice in Magdeburg Cathedral dates from around 1240 and was probably made by the anonymous sculptor of the well-known Magdeburg Rider. Alternative versions[citation needed] have the legion refusing Maximian's orders only after discovering innocent Christians had inhabited a town they had just destroyed, or that the emperor had them executed when they refused to sacrifice to the Roman gods. Ordering the unit to be punished, Maximian had every tenth soldier killed, a military punishment known as decimation. 250-ca. The image of Saint Maurice has been examined in detail by Gude Suckale-Redlefsen,[25] who demonstrated that this image of Maurice has existed since Maurice's first depiction in Germany between the Weser and the Elbe, and spread to Bohemia, where it became associated with the imperial ambitions of the House of Luxembourg. present day Estonia and Latvia), set in the broader context of the Baltic Sea region. St Maurice is also the patron saint of the Brotherhood of Blackheads, a historical military order of unmarried merchants in present-day Estonia and Latvia. At the same time the Mauritius Kloster in honor of Maurice was founded. Halle, Staatliche Galerie … Saint Maurice (also Moritz, Morris, or Mauritius; Coptic: Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ⲙⲱⲣⲓⲥ) was the leader of the legendary Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century, and one of the favorite and most widely venerated saints of that group. That depiction originated with the renowned statue in the Cathedral of St. Catherine and St. Maurice in Magdeburg, Germany. The Black St. Maurice (the Knight of the Holy Lance) is regarded as one the great patron saints of the Holy Roman Empire and is one of my favorite personalities in the long history of the African diaspora in Europe. In 287 AD, a Theban Legion of Christian Roman soldiers in Egypt led by Maurice was commanded by Emperor Maximian Hereculeus (ca. He said that to engage in wanton slaughter was inconceivable to Christian soldiers. The Story Of Saint Maurice, A Black Martyr. Vigiliae Christianae. BlackPast.org is a 501 (c)(3) non-profit organization. Foundation, 1987); Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and David Bindman (editors), Saint Maurice became a patron saint of the German Holy Roman Emperors. Saint Maurice, (died c. 286, Agaunum, near Geneva; feast day September 22), Christian soldier whose alleged martyrdom, with his comrades, inspired a cult still practiced today. However, when Maximian ordered them to harass some local Christians, they refused. Ever since I discovered The Image of the Black in Western Art, Volume II, Part 1, and that the deservedly famous cover image was of the 13th century Saint Maurice … [26] Saint Maurice: martyr, black saint, Knight Commander of the Theban Legion and Patron Saint of the Holy Roman Empire Saint Maurice (Moritz or Mauritius), pictured here with St Elmo, was the Knight Commander of the famous Roman Theban Legion in the 3rd century. How Saint Maurice is represented in Christian Art It is helpful to be able to recognise Saint Maurice in paintings, stained glass windows, illuminated manuscripts, architecture and other forms of Christian art. Jean Hey. The sculpted features of Maurice’s face and the coloring unambiguously identify him as a black man, but this is no demeaning … The Theban Legion of St. Maurice. Having been sent to Magdeburg, these relics were received with great honour by a gathering of the entire populace of the city and of their fellow countrymen. He appeared in an antique episcopal vestment and told Benoîte Rencurel that he was the one to whom the nearby chapel was dedicated, that he would fetch her some water (before drawing some water out of a well she had not seen), that she should go down to a certain valley to escape the local guard and see Mary, mother of Jesus, and that Mary was both in Heaven and could appear on Earth. There is a difference of opinion among researchers as to whether or not the story of the Theban Legion is based on historical fact, and if so, to what extent. [10], Maurice was also the patron saint of a Catholic parish and church in the 9th Ward of New Orleans and including part of the town of Arabi in St. Bernard Parish. The sword and spurs of Saint Maurice were part of the regalia used at coronations of the Austro-Hungarianemperors until 1916, and among the most important insignia of the imperial throne. [1] Particularly notable among these are the Church and Abbey of Saint-Maurice-en-Valais, the Church of Saint Moritz in the Engadin, and the Monastery Chapel of Einsiedeln Abbey, where his name continues to be greatly revered. Images @ 1979 Menil Foundation, Houston, Texas. Glasgow Museums and Art Galleries, Glasgow, UK. These images show Saint Maurice. Saint Maurice was an important Black saint during the Renaissance, especially as the patron of the Holy Roman Empire Egypt, under the control of the Roman Empire, was struggling to keep its grip on power. His Feast Day is 22 September. 287) Statue of St. Maurice, Magdeburg Cathedral of St. Maurice and St. Catherine, ca. He and his fellow legionnaires refused to sacrifice to the gods as ordered by the Emperor to insure victory over rebelling Bagaudae. According to Suckale-Redlefsen, the image of Maurice reached its apogee during the years 1490 to 1530. [clarification needed (see Talk:Saint Maurice#Coptic and Oriental Orthodoxy)]. Although many historical authorities claim the entire episode is a pure fabrication of Medieval Christian Church leaders, the image of a Christian solider refusing to denounce his faith and defying a pagan Emperor resonated with Medieval Christians. To them Maurice’s sainthood was well deserved and the Church correctly venerated him. 3, Sep., 1978. That depiction originated with the renowned statue in the Cathedral of St. Catherine and St. Maurice … The black St. Maurice iconography spread across German states but not across all of Europe. c. 1500". Unlike the fi ctitious Prester John, another medieval icon who conjoined military … Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Gude Suckale-Redlefsen’s Mauritius Der heilige Mohr / The Black Saint Maurice is the one I’m talking about here.. He is the patron saint of the Vatican’s Swiss Guard. He was gradually promoted until he became the commander of the Theban legion, thus leading approximately a thousand men. Maurice later became the patron saint of the Holy Roman Empire and an altar dedicated to his memory was placed in the Vatican. Saint Maurice became a patron saint of the German Holy Roman Emperors. “The oldest surviving” image that depicts Saint Maurice as a Black African in knight’s armour was sculpted in mid 13th century for the Cathedral of Magdeburg; there it is displayed next to the grave of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor. They are still venerated there, to the salvation of the homeland.[9]. Vol. 1240-1250. In response the Emperor punished the rebellious soldiers by dividing them into groups of ten and selecting one soldier from each group to be killed. The Image of the Black in Western Art, Volume II, Part 1, From the According to legend Saint Maurice … Jean Devisse, The Image of the Black in Western Art, laid out the documentary sources for the saint's popularity and documented it with illustrative examples.[23][24]. [6] The monastic accounts themselves do not specifically state that all the soldiers were collectively executed; the twelfth century bishop Otto of Freising wrote in his Chronica de duabus civitatibus[7] that many of the legionaries escaped and only some were executed at Agaunum, though the others were later apprehended and put to death at Galliae Bonna and Colonia Aggripina.[8]. So, maybe it could be changed to something like "Representations of Maurice's Race" or "Portrayals of Maurice as a Black African man". Saint Maurice gives his name to the town St. Moritz as well as to numerous places called Saint-Maurice in French speaking countries. [5], Denis Van Berchem, of the University of Geneva, proposed that Eucherius' presentation of the legend of the Theban legion was a literary production, not based on a local tradition. University Press, 2010). Maurice is traditionally depicted in full armor, in Italy emblazoned with a red cross. When they continued to refuse the Emperor’s order, the remaining soldiers were again divided by ten with every tenth man selected for execution. 1320) of Saint Maurice on horseback on Église Saint-Maurice in Soultz-Haut-Rhin, France. Because of the massacre of the legion. [18], Maurice is the patron saint of the Duchy of Savoy (France) and of the Valais (Switzerland) as well as of soldiers, swordsmiths, armies, and infantrymen. Donald F. O'Reilly. The coat of arms of the Brotherhood of Blackheads, featuring Saint Maurice. Jean Devisse, The Image of the Black in Western Art, laid out the documentary sources for the saint… 1583. The Black St Maurice (the Knight of the Holy Lance) is regarded as the greatest patron saint of the Holy Roman Empire. When they refused to obey repeated orders to do so and … 310 AD) to march to Agaunum, now the modern day St-Maurice en Valais in Switzerland. 13th Century Statue of Saint Maurice from the Magdeburg Cathedral that bears his name. This thirteenth-century black Maurice is a saint and a knight —the most esteemed exemplars of the human in Latin Christian Europe and the perfect marriage of Christian faith and warrior chivalry, seamlessly meshing secular and sacred prowess. Maurice became a soldier in the Roman army. "Once again, as in the early Middle Ages, the color black had become associated with spiritual darkness and cultural 'otherness'". St. Maurice is commemorated throughout churches in modern Germany as a black African dressed as a Roman Solider. St Maurice, black patron saint of the Holy Roman Empire. [4] Donald F. O'Reilly, in Lost Legion Rediscovered, argues that evidence from coins, papyrus, and Roman army lists support the story of the Theban Legion. In addition, some of the emperors were anointed before the Altar of Saint Maurice at St. Peter's Basilica.
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